Editors Note: The following is a week-long series called “The Truth about the Big Easy” curated by Parker Kim. This series is in partnership with Via Nola Vie and aims to give transplants and locals a series look at what is happening in our local government.
New Orleans always seems to be being left out of the national conversation. Whenever New Orleans is being mentioned it is either about a natural disaster or a report on the rampant partying going on on Bourbon. Sometimes we forget that there is so much more happening behind the scenes in our city. The floats this year at Krewe De Veux were a clear indication that there is more going on behind the curtain in the New Orleans government. From public education to infrastructure this series of articles will give you a better indication of the current state of this great city. There are so many questions that need to be answered and hopefully, this series of articles opens the curtain to why things are the way they are here maybe just a little bit.
Jaylynn grabbed my hand as we walked back through the front doors of her catholic elementary school in Uptown, New Orleans. Recess was over, and she was in desperate need of a water break after a long basketball game against her peers. Her little hand grabbed my three fingers, and we made our way down an empty hallway right before second-grade assembly. As we approached the water fountain, I glanced down the long narrow hallway witnessing a woman drag a little boy by the collar of his shirt as he struggled to get on both feet, whimpering and crying.
Photo credit to the anonymous author
Watching Jaylynn facedown in the water stream, I looked away from the scene. As she lifted up her head and got down from her tippy toes, we both jumped and froze at what sounded like a book falling against the floor in a completely silent hallway. She grabbed the same three fingers on my left hand, but this time with both hands, squeezing tightly for protection. I looked over to see the little boy’s face bright red, tears running down his cheeks, holding gently onto the right side of his cheek. Jaylynn tugged at my hand, reminding me to keep moving. My heart racing, Jaylynn trembling beside me, I pushed both of us through the hallway while neither of us said a word. I could feel that she was anxified and scared from the way she clung on to me, burying her head down into her neck. I’ve seen Jaylynn pulled from class multiple times, only to see her walk back into the classroom a few minutes later with a bright red face and leftover tears. Although the silence between the four of us in the hallway said a million words, the physical and internal pain endured by being a victim and even a bystander is hard to grasp.
Louisiana has a long history with corporal punishment and the practice has been ingrained into the state’s education system and state law. In Louisiana’s Revised 2018 Statute 7:416.1 titled “Discipline of pupils; additional disciplinary authority,” it states that “Corporal punishment means using physical force to discipline a student, with or without an object. Corporal punishment includes hitting, paddling, striking, spanking, slapping, or any other physical force that causes pain or physical discomfort.” (9) The statute encourages teachers, principles, and administrators to use physical force or, in other words, “corrective measures” in order to “maintain order in the schools” (9). This statute ultimately enables adult figures to discipline students as they see fit using punishment such as striking, hitting, slapping, and so forth if they are deemed to be disrupting “order.” By allowing adults to physically hurt students within schools, it establishes an environment of danger and violence. Louisiana’s school boards association reported in 2017 that 38 out of 69 school districts within the state allow for corporal punishment (8). Democratic state representative Barbara Norton underscored that “1,633 public school students received corporal punishment in Louisiana since 2011” (8). The widespread favor of corporal punishment in New Orleans schools is troubling, and it does not protect children like Jaylynn who are too young to understand the implications of their actions. Further, it creates an atmosphere based on violence and fear and ultimately does not lead to a more safe or disciplined society.
Corporal punishment is an extremely delicate issue that needs to be addressed in New Orleans schools rather than practiced. There is a misconception, according to Elizabeth Gershoff, a professor at the University of Texas at Austin, that “districts that still have corporal punishment are quite supportive of it and are convinced that it ‘works’ to change student behavior” even though no research specifically supports or examines the topic (2). Gershoff reported in her study, “More Harm Than Good: A Summary on Scientific Research on the Intended and Unintended Effects of Corporal Punishment on Children,” that the violence against children is “authoritatively codified in state laws on child maltreatment” (4). Further, she discusses that although the Supreme Court deems school corporal punishment as constitutional, the majority of the states are passing laws to ban the practice anyway reflecting on the statistic that 77% of American adults believe that teachers should not be allowed to spank or inflict harm on a child (4). This reveals just how much Louisiana favors corporal punishment in comparison to other states, making it crucial to bring proper attention to the issue.
Corporal punishment has a history of being favored, specifically in the south when compared to other regions in America. The mindset of southerners is revealed to historically favor physical disciplinary action, which is an important reason why corporal punishment needs to be specifically reformed in Louisiana. In a study conducted to examine the attitudes toward corporal punishment across different regions, Reed (1971) found that mid-20th-century southerners were more likely to be in favor of corporal punishment compared to the 20th-century non-southerners (3). In 1946, a study revealed that 71% of southerners were likely to be in favor of corporal punishment compared to 43% of non-southerners. Similarly, southerners approved of spanking at 85% compared to non-southerners at 43%. Reed concluded that there may be a “Southern factor” that affects this attitude that can be added to other factors such as education, residence (rural or urban), and occupation (3). This research specifically reveals how attitudes towards corporal punishment are rooted in the history of Southern culture and that there is a history with disciplinarian action being favored. The “southern factor” directly still reinforces and favors the use of physical force when disciplining children in schools. Corporal punishment should be universally understood as harmful and the “southern factor” must be changed for the betterment of young students in Louisiana. The deep-seated and troubling issue will, unfortunately, still persist as proposals to ban corporal punishment in Louisiana are rejected. In 2017, the State House rejected Shreveport Democrat Representative Barbara Norton’s bill to ban corporal punishment as only 34 lawmakers voting in favor of the bill and 61 people voted against banning corporal punishment (6).
In order to successfully eradicate corporal punishment, the remaining states must ban the practice. However, that is only part of the solution. The real solution is rooted in the fact that adults and teachers must be educated and trained on the implications of corporal punishment in order to achieve the success of actually lessening rates of corporal punishment. In another study conducted by Geroff, she reports that countries such as Albania, Belgium, and South Africa that have banned corporal punishment have still reported instances of abuse after the legal ban (5). Geroff examines that the 30 states and the 26 countries that were advised to end all corporal punishment by the United Nations treaty bodies act as “welcome steps toward ensuring children’s safety and well-being in school settings”, however, legal bans do not completely eliminate corporal punishment (5). In this case, there are a limited amount of community-level interventions that have proven to be successful through corporal punishment reduction interventions as seen in the trial evaluation of Good Schools Toolkit in Uganda (5). A Ugandan non-profit organization, Raising Voices, utilized an intervention that included training staff on “non-violent disciplinary methods” and staff coaching. The intervention used six steps that worked to reduce the use of corporal punishment and increase positive methods of disciplinary action. It was reported that schools that implemented the Good Schools Toolkit “saw a 42% reduction in the number of students who reported they had been victims of violence from school staff” (5). This method is proven to be successful and is the solution in moving forward to eventually diminish corporal punishment in Louisiana as well as the rest of the country. A teacher-student relationship is a bond that helps a child grow and flourish, it should not be a relationship based on violence, power, and pain. Educating southerners and all American adults on the effects of corporal punishment while implementing corporal punishment reduction interventions in schools would be effective in working to eradicate the issue of corporal punishment. All students should be protected from corporal punishment by the law, but all adults must understand how to discipline children in a non-psychically threatening way.
The anxifying fear of punishment by violence is detrimental to the safety of students similar to Jaylynn and the little boy. By teaching children that physical violence is condoned, the youth are taught to believe that punishment is normalized and that they should fear their superiors. Institutions should be able to promote a safe learning space for its students; however, our society must reflect this value on a national scale. By educating adults and teachers and implementing various corporal punishment reduction interventions as seen in the Good Schools Toolkit model, corporal punishment can start to be reduced effectively. By working towards educating society properly on the effects of corporal punishment, our society can work towards changing the attitudes towards violence such as the “southern factor” (3). In “If Black English Isn’t a Language, Then Tell Me, What Is?” Baldwin states, “A child cannot be taught by anyone who despises him, and a child cannot afford to be fooled” (1). Our children must be nurtured and protected by our institutions, our government, and our society, not harmed by them.
Works Cited:
New York Times, The New York Times, 29 July 1979,
https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/03/29/specials/baldwi
New York Times, The New York Times, 13 Dec. 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/13/us/corporal-punishment-school-tennessee.html.
Journal of Marriage and Family, vol. 56, no. 2, 1994, pp. 314–324. JSTOR,
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON THE INTENDED AND UNINTENDED
EFFECTS OF CORPORAL PUNISHMENT ON CHILDREN.” Law and
Contemporary Problems, vol. 73, no. 2, 2010, pp. 31–56. JSTOR,
www.jstor.org/stable/25766386.
Outcomes, and Efforts at Intervention.” Psychology, Health & Medicine, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Mar. 2017,
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5560991/.
The Root, 9 May 2017,
https://www.theroot.com/school-corporal-punishment-ban-fails-in-louisiana-ho
News One, 9 May 2017, https://newsone.com/3711342/louisiana-lawmakers-vote-to-keep-corporal-punishment-in-schools/
Discipline of Pupils; Additional Disciplinary Authority.” Justia Law, https://law.justia.com/codes/louisiana/2018/code-revisedstatutes/title-17/rs-17-416.1/.
Earthtalk: “Cool Roofs” for New Orleans
It’s hot outside, but it could be cooler! In this article, Brooke Theis explores Cool Roofs, an effective solution to the urban heat island effect that makes the New Orleans heat so unbearable. The author also explores inequalities in how people experience the environment from identity perspectives like race and class.
Big Chem-EZ: How can small Louisiana communities access clean drinking water after a hurricane?
When I went to visit the Pointe-au-Chien tribe after Hurricane Ida with my Service Learning class, I heard that one of the biggest challenges in the aftermath of the hurricane was finding enough drinking water, so in this article, I explore water purification methods: 1) when they are necessary, 2) how they work, and 3) if they really make your water safe to drink.
